Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD)

Osteochondritis Dissecans, often referred to simply as OCD, is a condition where the bone beneath the cartilage in a joint softens due to disrupted blood flow. Over time, this weakened bone can compromise the cartilage above it, potentially causing fragments of bone and cartilage to detach and float within the joint. If left untreated, OCD can lead to long-term complications, including arthritis and joint instability.

The exact cause of OCD remains uncertain. However, researchers and clinicians have identified several factors that may contribute to its development:

1. Repetitive Joint Stress: Prolonged or repetitive impact on a joint—common in athletes and active individuals—may increase the risk of developing OCD.
2. Acute Injuries: A sudden trauma to the joint, such as a twist or impact, may trigger the condition.
3. Disrupted Blood Supply: Issues with blood flow to the affected bone are thought to play a critical role in the onset of OCD.

While the precise mechanisms remain under investigation, these factors provide insights into why certain individuals are more susceptible.

OCD is relatively uncommon, affecting less than 1% of the population. It predominantly occurs in adolescents aged 12 to 19, as their bones and joints are still developing. Early recognition is vital to prevent complications and preserve joint function.

Certain joints are more prone to OCD due to their structure and frequent use:

• Knees: The most frequently affected joint.
• Ankles: Often impacted by repetitive strain or injuries.
• Elbows: Particularly vulnerable in throwing or weight-bearing activities.

The symptoms of OCD can vary depending on the severity and location of the condition. Common signs include:

1. Pain: Often localized to the affected joint, pain may intensify with activity.
2. Swelling: Inflammation in the joint can lead to noticeable swelling.
3. Clicking or Popping Sensations: These sounds may indicate cartilage damage or joint instability.
4. Locking of the Joint: In severe cases, detached fragments of bone or cartilage may cause the joint to lock.

For some, these symptoms may follow a minor injury that initially seemed to resolve on its own. Distinguishing OCD symptoms from those of acute cartilage injuries, which are often more dramatic and sudden, is crucial for accurate diagnosis.